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(No Model.)

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PETROLEUM 0R OIL ENGINE.

Patented Mar. 19, 1895.

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PETROLEUM 0R OIL ENGINE.

No. 536,090. Patent-ed Mar. 19, 1395;

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V. LIST &'J. KOSAKOPF.

PETROLEUM 0R OIL ENGINE.

No. 536,090. Patented Mar. 19, 1895.

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Patented Mar. 19, 1.895.

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v. LIST & J'. KOSAKOFF. PETROLEUM 0R OIL ENGINE.

No. 536,090. Patented Mar. 19, 1895.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' VICTOR LIST AND JAKOW KOSAKOFF, OF MOSCOW, RUSSIA.

PETROLEUM OR OIL ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,090, dated March 19, 1895, Application filed August 2, 1893. Serial 1%. 482,162- (No model.)

T or whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, VICTOR LIST and J A- KOW KOSAKOFF, subjects of the Emperor of Russia, residing at Moscow, in the Russian Empire, have invented new and useful Im-- provements in what are commonly known as Petroleum orOil Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to two-cycle engines worked by gas or vapor generated from mineral oil or liquid hydrocarbon (hereinafter referred to as oil) and has for its chief object to' effect improvements in the action as regards the development of motive power and also a simplification in the valve gear whereby the motor is rendered very accurate and effective inits operation. Provision moreover is made, first, to greatly diminish the resistance resulting from internal friction, obtained by per-.

' ing waste in the form of unconsumed gases of the oil, which, according to our invention, is chiefly accomplished by not forming the explosive mixture until the residual products of explosion are expelled and the exhaust closed, at the same time by reducing the number of valves commonly employed for the admission and discharge of the gas and air and products of combustion.

The discharge of the residual gases or pro-- ducts of combustion takes place exclusively through circumferential orifices in the sides of the cylinder which are opened or uncovered by the piston once only at each complete revolution of the crank corresponding to an in and out stroke of the piston which is made of sufiicient length to enable it to close the said orifices except when it is at'the extreme end of the cylinder; and by expelling the residual products of combustion by means of pure air'proceeding from an air chamber pre vious to the said circumferential orifices being covered and by forming the explosive mixture duringthe compressing'of air (partly mixed with residual products) by the injec .tion of oil vapor into the compressing and working chamber we prevent any escape of fresh unconsumed gas or vapol.

By means of the novel valve gear or combination of mechanism for actuating the valves provided in accordance with the objects of 7 this invention the oil pump, the valve of the vaporizer and the air admission valve as well as the valves controlling the air passages to the cylinder are caused to move in concert and at the same time are placed under the control of the governor in such a manner that when the engine acquires an excessive speed the movement of the oil pump plunger or piston as well as those of the vaporizer valve on the one hand and the air valve orvalves on the other hand are suspended so as to prevent the formation of an explosive mixture in the interiorof the engine so that when the normal speed is exceeded not only is the oil prevented from passing into the working cylinder but the air is likewise excluded, whereby cooling of the cylinder and condensation of the heavy oil vapors. is prevented which otherwise would cause a series of abnormal exploillustrates in vertical section an example of a vertical engine or motor constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 represents the engine likewise in section, the section being taken in a plane at right angles to the plane of the section in Fig. 1. Fig.3 represents the engine in end elevation and Fig. 4 represents the engine viewed from the opposite end to that illustrated in Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 7 illustrate in elevation and partly in vertical section the gear for working the oil pump and gear for the air admission valves drawn to a larger scale. Figs. 6 and 8 show details of a regulating or governing device connected with the valve gear and gear for working the oil pump. Fig. 9 is a diagram of the working of an engine constructed according to this invention.

Referring now to the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8 of the drawings the cylinder Ais divided into two chambers by a long piston B forming an upper chamber 0 constituting the explosion chamber and a lower chamber D constituting the air pump chamber. The piston transmits motion by means of a connecting rod 1) to the crank shaft d. In the ascent of the piston Bair is drawn in from the atmosphere through an air admission valve 6 worked by the valve gear. This air may be drawn through the hollow frame E, which may be arranged to act as an air supply chamber. Then the piston descends the air is forced into an air chamber 13 the holesfin the sides of the cylinder being covered by the piston during the first part of its descent. Shortly before the piston reaches the lowest extremity of its stroke, the series of holes fcommence to be uncovered whereupon the burned gases resulting from the previous explosion and forming the contents of the chamber C or space above the piston escape through these holes and are discharged through an exhaust pipe g thereby gradually lowering the pressure above the piston to that of the external atmosphere. When this has taken place, two air valves 72, and 7L2 (Fig. l) are'opened by a forked lever 2' (Figs. land 2) and rod is which is moved upward by an eccentric g connecting rod tand sliding rods t 'and i as hereinafter explained. When these valves open, air passes from the air chamber E into the explosion chamberO and drives the products of combustion out of the cylinder through the holes f so long as the latter remain open, while the piston commences its upward motion. After the openingsfhave been covered by the ascending piston the space above the latter is chiefly oc' cupied by air which is mixed with gaseous products in the lower part only. Simultaneously with the closing of the holes f the air valves h, h are also closed, so that the air and product above the piston are compressed by the upward movement of the latter.

Immediately after the circnmferen tial holes fand valves h and 7L2 are closed, a pump G forces oil into a vaporizer H preferably constructed as described in the specification of our application for a patent, Serial No. 482,153, filed August 2, 1893,011 even date, in which the oil is heated and partly converted into vapor. The vapor or mixture of spray and vapor from this vaporizer pass into the explosion chamber O of the cylinder A through the valve I which is opened with the commencement of the compression period of the pumps action. In entering the chamber 0 the oil and vapor come in contact with a deflecting plate J whereby they are scattered and deflected on both sides of the said chamber and caused to become intimately mixed with the air in the chamber so as to form the explosive mixture.

Before the piston B reaches its highest position the oil pump G first ceases to force oil vapor or vapor and spray into the vaporizer whereupon the vaporizer valve I closes and the mixture which is forced through the passage p to the igniting tube 0 is exploded in the usual manner. The explosion spreads through the passage 19 into the explosion chamber 0 and causes the piston to be driven downward.

The igniter tube 0 is heated by a lamp 12 The hot gases proceeding from the latter heat the vaporizer and enable the engine to be easily started. During the working of the engine the vaporizer besides this is likewise heated by the explosions which extend into the space K.

The valves and oil pump in the arrangement shown are worked by two eccentrics q and g upon the crank shaft d, the eccentric q actuating the plunger rod G of the oil pump G, the air admission valve e and the vaporizer valve 1.

As represented in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5 the valve e is opened by the aid of its rod u, and a spring 5 or a similar yielding connection which moves upward and downward alternately with the reciprocating eccentric rod 6. The eccentric q is fixed in advance upon the shaft d at such an angle relatively to the crank as to have a lead equal to about ninety degrees. This causes it to open the air supply valve 6 during the first half of the tip-stroke of the piston. During the other or latter half on the other hand the valve closes by the action of a spring 3'. During the whole of the period occupied by the descent of the piston the valve is maintained closed and the spring 5 simply plays in a slot in the head u of the valve rod u without moving the latter.

The eccentric rod t is connected by a pin c 'U' with a sliding pusher rod t working in a guide M and which moves without action, that is, simply plays therein during the first part of the upward movement of the piston. After the circumferential holes fhave been again covered or closed by the piston, the rod 15' comes in contact with a movable intermediate block W capable of sliding laterally relatively to the rod i being suspended at one end L so that its other end is capable of moving upward and downward in a slot M in the guide M. (See Fig. When the block W is pushed through the slot, as represented in Fig. 8, it is placed between the ends of the rods 15' and 15 A spring 5 tends to depress the rod 25 but when the rod t is pushed upward by the action of the eccentric and the rod 15 it acts through the block W upon the sliding rod 25 To this rod now by means of pin a is secured the plunger G of the oil pump G (Figs. 3 and 5) and to the upper end of rod t is pivoted a lever c the center of motion of which is at c, the rod m of the vaporizer valve I being attached at c (Fig. 2). Thus the rod 6 on being moved in the manner aforesaid, is capable of causing the pump the vaporizer (Fig. 2) to open.

plunger G (Fig. 5) to rise and the valve I of When the piston B has completed the first half of its up-stroke the connecting rod tcommences to descend and the sliding rod 25 is forced down by the action of the spring 8 the push rod 25' being simultaneously moved downward. The piston G then draws a certain quantity of oil from the receptacle Q and the vaporizer valve I again closes completely, shortly before the piston attains its highest position.

The stroke of the oil pump piston G and the quantity of oil drawn into the pump at each stroke is enabled to be regulated by connecting the pusher rod t to a stud 2) (Fig. 7) arranged eccentrically to the axis of the pin U which is provided with a handleN by means of which it can be rotated and retained in any desired position by the action of a spring catch 1 engaging with notches in the periphcry of a fixed disk 2 (Fig. 5). By these means the eifective movement of the pusher rod t can evidently be regulated by raising or lowering it and thereby correspondingly lengthening or shortening the stroke of the oil pump piston. The other eccentric g upon the driving shaft actuates in like manner the two air inlet valves h and b i A pusher rod i Fig. 6, which is reciprocated vertically in a guide M bya connecting rod 15 actuated by the eccentric g comes in contact (immediately after the circumferential holesfhave been uncovered or opened by the descent of the piston and immediately before the dead point is reached) with an intermediate block W or equivalent device, enabling it to act upon a vertically sliding rod i and cause the latter to act through an extension K (Fig. 2) of the said rod and the forked lever i hereinbefore referred to upon the two airinlet valves h and It so as to depress and open the latter. These valves remain open for the whole of the period during which the holes f are uncovered and'are then gradually closed by the action of springs 8 s, 5 during the descent of the eccentric so that as the holes f close the valves h, h simultaneously return to the closed positions. So long as the intermediate blocks W andv W project into the guides M M (see dotted positions Figs. 5 and 6 and position indicated by full lines in Fig. 8) the push rods t, t actuated by the reciprocating connecting rods i and 75 act upon the valves and pump in a regular manner as hereinbefore described and the explosions take place normally in the working cylinder A.

When owing to the engine exceeding its normal speed the balls of a governor R carried by the crank shaft move outward, the blocks W and W are simultaneously drawn back by the governor rod 5 and lever arms 3 and 4:, so that the push rods 15' and 75 play in the guides M, M without acting upon the rods 15 and 25 which remain stationary. 0011- sequently the supply of air and oil to the explosion chamber is arrested and the explosions cease to take place.

As the air is unable to escape from the air chamber F and spaceD underneath the working piston B, this air always remains under a certain amount of pressure and presses upon the air supply valve 6 in such a manner that this valve remains closed owing to the blade spring 5 by which the valve 6 is normally opened being unable to overcome the pressure upon the valve. No fresh air is then drawn in by the action of the piston so long as the internal pressure in the air chamber (which diminishes by the upward movement of the piston owing to the expansion which at the same time enables the air to assist the movement of the piston) causes the valve 6 to remain closed. When the pressure diminishes (owing to the action of the governor on the intermediate blocks NV WV or by any other cause) to such an extent as so enable the valve e to open, fresh air enters the air chamber when the piston 13 ascends. The pressure in the air chamber is thus maintained uniform in the corresponding periods when the explosions take place as well as when they are omitted.

The two intermediate blocks W W for controlling the action are connected by pins L L Figs. 5 and 6 to lever arms 3 and 4 fixed on opposite ends of a rock-shaft 6. This shaft is actuated as hereinafter explained by a rod 5 and lever 7 Figs. 3, 5 and 8. In order that the intermediate blocks W, W may be completely moved into the guides M M by a relativelyslight movement of the governor, one of these blocks W, for example, is provided with a projection 8, Fig. 6, presenting an inclined surface on its upper side which is acted upon by a correspondingly inclined surface on a fixed arm or projection 9 arranged above it. So long as the projection 8 remains on the left hand side of the arm 9, as represented in Fig. 6, the two intermediate blocks remain out of action, their extremities being simply supported in the slots M and M and the cylinder is not charged. A slight dis placement of the blocks by the action of the governor toward the guides M M causes the pusher rods 25 and t to act on the under sides of the blocks TV and W, thereby causing them to push up the rods 15 and 25 The projection 8 then assumes a position on the right hand of the arm 9 and the inclined surface slide on the projection 8 over the corresponding incline on the arm 9, so as to cause the intermediate blocks W and W to be moved completely into the guides M M and engage efiectually with the pusher rods so long as the governor allows them to remain in this position.

In order that the governor may not be affected by the aforesaid positive movement of the intermediate blocks W W produced by the action of the projection 8, an arrangement, such as that illustrated in Fig. 5 for example, is employed by means of which the lever 7 is rendered independent of the rod 5 being caused by a spring 10 to press upon the upper end of the said rod. This spring 10 also causes the intermediate blocks to be drawn out from the guides as soon as the position of the governor rod admits of it. (Fig. 8 represents the commencement of the upward movement of the rod 25 produced by the action of the rod t'.)

An indicator diagram of the working of an engine constructed according to this invention shows how eilectually the power is utilized in the interior of the cylinder. One of these diagrams is represented in Fig. 9. This diagram was taken from an engine having a cylinder of one hundred and fifty millimeters in diameter, a stroke of two hundred millimeters and the driving shaft making three hundred and four revolutions per minute. The upper curve represents the working diagram and the lower curve the air pump diagram.

\Ve are aware that prior to our invention two-cycle engines worked by gas or vapors generated from mineral oil have been made, the explosion chamber of the cylinder of which isdirectly connected with the space wherein the explosive mixture is formed, or the cylinder-of which is provided with circumferential orifices. \Ve therefore do not claim such combinations broadly; but

W'hat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, in a two-cycle oil or petroleum engine, of the cylinder having circumt'erential orifices f, opening into the exhaust port 9 and controlled by the piston, with an air supplying and compressing chainbcr D, F, extending from the other side of the piston, both chambers separated by valves h 72. means for shutting off said air supplying and compressing chamber from the atmosphere or opening it thereto, and means for introducing the oil and vapor into the explosion chamber during the last part of the compression period and after the valves 72' 77/ have been closed, substantially as set forth.

2. In a two-cycle oil or petroleum engine, the combination of an eccentric q, fitted on the crank-shaft, with reciprocating rods t and t connected together by pins 1) o, sliding rod 1 a spring .9 tending to push the latter against the rod t, and intermediate block \V being inserted between both these rods, a flexible arm sprojecting from rod t and adapted to move the air supply valve c by the aid of valve rod to, plunger G of the oil pump G being secured to rod 25 which also is combined with lever c and rod m of the vaporizer I, and

means for controlling the block IV by a governor according to the speed desired for the motor, substantially as described.

3. In a two-cycle oil or petroleum engine, the combination of an eccentric g upon the crank shaft, with reciprocating rods 15 and t articulated one to the other, a sliding rod t which by means of spring .9 is pushed against the reciprocating or pusher rod i an intermediate block W being inserted between both these rods, rod 76 forming an extension of rod i and pivoted to lever i of the airvalves h 71. springs s and s tending to hold the latter upon their seats and means for controlling the block IV by a governor, according to the speed for the motor to run, essentially as described.

4. In a two-cycle oil or petroleum motor the combination of the block W capable of being inserted between the pusher rods t and t and block W adapted to be inserted between the pusher rods t and i with levers 3 and 4, fitted upon a common rock-shaft 6, lever 7, fixed on this shaft, spring 10 for holding the said lever in contact with a rod 5 arranged to be actuated by the governor, regulating the speed of the motor, all substantially as set forth with reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

5. The combination of the pusher rod 25' with a spring or flexible connection 5 opening the air supply valve c for the air chamber F only when a moderate pressure exists in the said chamber,substantially as and for the purpose specified. i

(I. The pin 1; provided with a stud 1; arranged eccentrically to the axis of the former and fitted in the pusher rod 25', in combination with a handle N, the said rod carrying a disk 2, a spring catch 1, pivoted on the handle, ongaging with notches in the disk, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. In a two-cycle oil or petroleum engine, the combination of an intermediate block (\V or W) inserted between the pusher rods 25 and t or t and with a projection 8 having an inclined surface on its upper side, a fixed arm or projection 9 arranged opposite to the said projection having a correspondingly inclined surface and engaging with projection 8, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witness.

VICTOR LIST. JAKOW KOSAKOFF. Witnesses:

JVVAN RATTENECK, FR. SCHILHAN.

IIO 

